High frequency sound energy is used to determine the structural integrity of a material. The use of various modes of sound can provider vital information related to the material. Transmitted or reflected ultrasonic energy is reflected and displayed on a test unit and evaluated.

Specialty classes offered: UT-Thickness A-Scan, UT-Thickness Digital, Phased array

The use of magnetic lines of flux to determine discontinuities in the surface (or near surface) of a test object. Fine magnetic particles are attracted to leakage fields and indications are formed that can be seen visually. This method is limited to ferro-magnetic materials.

Penetrating liquids with good wetting characteristics which incorporate dyes are used to enter surface opened capillaries and provide and image of discontinuities that can be seen visually.

The use of the human eye to detect discontinuities open to the surface. VT can be either direct or indirect using viewing aids such as video-scopes, mirrors, etc.

An electro-magnetic testing method in which eddy-currents are induced into an electrically conductive test object. Changes in the eddy current flow are detected by the coil or coils and displayed on the test instrument. A variety of test conditions may be determined.

Short wave-length electromagnetic ionizing radiation energy used to penetrate materials and provide an image for evaluation. Variations in the image are caused by changes in the structure due to attenuation or absorption. RT can be performed using either a gamma or X-ray source.